docs: Add arch installation instructions
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.dotfiles/arch_install.md
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.dotfiles/arch_install.md
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# Arch Installation
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This document describes my ArchLinux installation steps. It skips over the preparation of the installation medium. Otherwise it mostly follows the [ArchWiki Installation Guide](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Installation_guide), but explicitly states some decisions:
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- use `systemd-boot` as the bootloader
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- use `NetworkManager` for network configuration
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- use `btrfs` as the main file system
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- use `LUKS` for disk encryption
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- **try** to only use native wayland with sway as WM
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- no swap partition (i might use zram or a swapfile in the future though)
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- no display manager (for now at least)
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My setup is opinionated and so is this doc.
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## Pre-Installation aka things to do in the arch-iso liveboot
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### Prerequisites
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Set keyboard layout
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```console
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# loadkeys de-latin1
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```
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Check if booted in UEFI mode
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```console
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# ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
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```
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Check internet connectivity
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```console
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# ip link
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# ping archlinux.org
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```
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Update system clock
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```console
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timedatectl set-ntp true
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```
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### Disk partitioning
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GPT partitioning scheme:
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|Mount point|Partition|Partition type|Size|
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|---|---|---|---|
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|/mnt/boot|/dev/*efi-partition*|EFI system partition|500MiB|
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|/mnt|/dev/*root-partition*|Linux x86-64 root(/)|max|
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Check available disks and start `fdisk`
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```console
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fdisk -l
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fdisk /dev/<disk-to-install-to>
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```
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Create GPT partition table
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```md
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Command (m for help): *g*
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```
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Create *efi-partition*
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```md
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Command (m for help): *n*
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Partition number (1-128, default 1): *<Return>*
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First sector (x-y, default x): *<Return>*
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Last sector [...] (x-y, default y): *+500M*
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Command (m for help): *t*
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Selected partition 1
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Partition type or alias: *1*
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Changed type of partition 'Linux Filesystem' to 'EFI System'.
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```
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Create *root-partition*
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```md
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Command (m for help): *n*
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Partition number (1-128, default 2): *<Return>*
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First sector (x-y, default x): *<Return>*
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Last sector [...] (x-y, default y): *<Return>*
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Command (m for help): *t*
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Partition number (1,2, default 2): *2*
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Partition type or alias: *23*
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Changed type of partition 'Linux Filesystem' to 'Linux root (x86-64)'.
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```
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Write partitions to disk
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```md
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Command (m for help): *w*
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```
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### Format partitions / create filesystems
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Format the efi partition with Fat32
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```console
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# mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/<efi_partition>
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```
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Setup the root partition with LUKS
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```console
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# cryptsetup -v --verify-passphrase --type=luks2 --hash=sha256 --key-size=512 --cipher=aes-xts-plain64 luksFormat /dev/<root-partition>
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```
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Note: `man cryptsetup` is a really nice resource. Especially the section about the LuksHeader and the `luksHeaderBackup` command are really valuable.
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Mount LUKS device
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```console
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# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/<root-partition> luks-root
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```
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Format luks root partition with btrfs
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```console
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# mkfs.btrfs -L archlinuxroot /dev/mapper/luks-root
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```
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Create btrfs subvolumes
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```console
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# mount -o compress=zstd /dev/mapper/luks-root /mnt
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# btrfs sub create /mnt/@
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# btrfs sub create /mnt/@home
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# btrfs sub create /mnt/@pkg
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# btrfs sub create /mnt/@snapshots
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# btrfs sub create /mnt/@tmp
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# umount /mnt
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```
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Associate subvolumes and filesystem directories
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```console
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# mount -o noatime,nodiratime,compress=zstd,subvol=@ /dev/mapper/luks-root /mnt
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# mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,home,var/cache/pacman/pkg,tmp,.snapshots}
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# mount -o noatime,nodiratime,compress=zstd,subvol=@home /dev/mapper/luks-root /mnt/home
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# mount -o noatime,nodiratime,compress=zstd,subvol=@pkg /dev/mapper/luks-root /mnt/var/cache/pacman/pkg
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# mount -o noatime,nodiratime,compress=zstd,subvol=@tmp /dev/mapper/luks-root /mnt/tmp
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# mount -o noatime,nodiratime,compress=zstd,subvol=@snapshots /dev/mapper/luks-root /mnt/.snapshots
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```
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Mount EFI partition
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```console
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# mount /dev/<efi-partition> /mnt/boot
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```
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## Installation
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### Bootstrap & filesystemtable
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Bootstrap base arch install
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```console
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# pacstrap /mnt linux linux-firmware base btrfs-progs amd-ucode git vi vim sudo networkmanager zsh
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```
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Generate `fstab`
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```console
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# genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
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```
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### Basic system configuration
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Chroot into new system
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```console
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# arch-chroot /mnt
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```
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Set hostname
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```console
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# echo <HOSTNAME> > /etc/hostname
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```
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Set and generate locale
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```console
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# echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
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# sed -i 's/^#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8/' /etc/locale.gen
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# locale-gen
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```
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Set keyboard layout
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```console
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# echo KEYMAP=de-latin1 > /etc/vconsole.conf
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```
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Set time zone
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```console
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# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime
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# hwclock --systohc
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```
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Set root password
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```console
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# passwd
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```
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Add btrfs and encrypt initramfs hooks to `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf`
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e.g.:
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```ini
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HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block encrypt btrfs filesystems keyboard fsck)
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```
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Regenerate initramfs
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```console
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# mkinitcpio -p linux
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```
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### Configure boot loader
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Install systemd-boot
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```console
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# bootctl --path=/boot install
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```
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Fetch UUID of the root partition
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```console
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# blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/<root-partition>
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```
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Create arch boot entry `/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf`
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```conf
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title Arch Linux
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linux /vmlinuz-linux
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initrd /amd-ucode.img
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initrd /initramfs-linux.img
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options cryptdevice=UUID=<UUID-OF-ROOT-PARTITION>:luks-root root=/dev/mapper/luks-root rootflags=subvol=@,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 rd.luks.options=timeout=0 rw
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```
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Edit boot loader config `/boot/loader/loader.conf`
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```conf
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default arch.conf
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timeout 3
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console-mode max
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editor no
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```
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Exit chroot, unmount disk, reboot
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```console
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# exit
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# umount -R /mnt
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# reboot
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```
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## Finish installation
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### Enable and check networking
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Enable and start NetworkManager
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```console
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# systemctl enable --now NetworkManager
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```
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Test network connectivity
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```console
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# ping archlinux.org
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```
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### Setup user account
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Create a sudo group for sudo access
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```console
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# groupadd -r sudo
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```
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Use `visudo` to uncomment the following line
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```sudoers
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# %sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
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```
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Create user account
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```console
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# useradd -m -G sudo -s /bin/zsh histalek
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```
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Set password for useraccount
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```console
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# passwd histalek
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```
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Exit out of the root session and login as user
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### Install and setup personal preferences
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Setup my dotfiles
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```console
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$ echo ".dotfiles" >> .gitignore
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$ git clone --bare <remote-git-repo-url> $HOME/.dotfiles
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$ alias dotfiles='/usr/bin/git --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles/ --work-tree=$HOME'
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$ dotfiles config --local status.showUntrackedFiles no
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$ dotfiles checkout
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```
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Install various packages from dotfiles
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```console
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$ sudo pacman -S --needed - < $HOME/.dotfiles/pkglist.txt
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```
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